Photo of the heads on Easter Island

The moai—and the island they sit on—are made of rock from ancient volcanoes.

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STANDARDS

Common Core: RH.6-8.1, RH.6-8.4, RH.6-8.7, WHST.6-8.4, RI.6-8.1, RI.6-8.4, RI.6-8.7, W.6-8.4

NCSS: Culture • Time, Continuity, and Change • People, Places, and Environments

GEOGRAPHY

Guardians of Easter Island

Hundreds of giant statues stand watch over a tiny island in the Pacific. Can a new discovery help unravel the mysteries surrounding them?

World map highlighting Easter Island in Chile

Jim McMahon/Mapman®

You’re looking at possibly the most remote place where people live on Earth—Easter Island. The tiny island sits about 2,200 miles off the coast of Chile. It is home to about 8,000 people. Those who are native to the island call themselves and their home Rapa Nui (RAH-puh NOO-ee)

But the island’s most famous residents are the moai (MOH-eye), stone figures with unreadable expressions. There are about 1,000 of them scattered around the island. Historians aren’t sure why they were made—or exactly how they were moved around the hilly terrain

Experts estimate that many of the moai were carved hundreds of years ago, between 1100 and 1600. The largest is 33 feet tall and weighs 80 tons. Some of the most photographed moai are buried in the sand with just their shoulders and heads sticking out—like they were planted, as one French explorer wrote in the 1800s. The Rapa Nui believe that the sculptures represent ancient chiefs who were related to gods. 

Photo of a person wading through tall, muddy grass

Rapa Nui National Park

Image of a lake with a blue sky in background

imagebroker.com GmbH & Co. KG/Alamy Stock Photo

This lake dried up in recent years, revealing the newly found moai (above).

Researchers recently got a new clue that may help shed light on the mysteries of the statues. In February 2023, they uncovered another moai on the island. The figure is in a dried-up lake bed. 

The statue is the first found in that spot. The Rapa Nui hope the location will yield more statues—and possibly even the tools used to carve them. 

“This discovery is something historic for this new generation,” said a spokesperson for the Rapa Nui after the find.

The Mysteries of Easter Island
Watch a video about moai, the towering statues found on Easter Island.

Question: What can artifacts reveal about the people who made them and the place in which they were found? 

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